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ASTM A394

ASTM A394 Bolting Specification

Structural & Transmission Tower Bolts

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Overview

ASTM A394 Tower Bolts & Nuts both hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts, in nominal thread diameters of 1/2 , 5/8 , 3/4 , 7/8 and 1 inch are used in the construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar steel structures. Type 0 and Type 1 bolts shall be hot-dip zinc-coated accordance with the requirements of Specification F2329, except that the minimum average weight (thickness) of zinc coating shall be 1.65 oz/ft2 (0.0028 in.) and the minimum weight of zinc coating on any one item shall be 1.50 oz/ft 2 (0.0025 in.).When non-zinc-coated atmospheric corrosion- resistant steel is required, Type 3 bolts shall be specified by the purchaser. ASTM A394 Type 0 Ladder bolts, step bolts, and equipment support bolts are also Manufactured at Adsfastner

Scope

Bolt TypeNut GradeFinish
ASTM A394 Grade 0Ahot-dip zinc-coated
ASTM A394 Grade 1DHhot-dip zinc-coated
ASTM A394 Grade 3Dh4plain

Chemical Composition

ElementAnalysisBolts Types
Type 0 BoltsAType 1 BoltsAType 3 BoltsA
ABCDEF
CHeat Analysis0.55 max0.28/0.550.33-0.400.38-0.480.15-0.250.15-0.250.20-0.250.20-0.25
Product Analysis. . .. . .0.31-0.420.36-0.500.14-0.260.14-0.260.18-0.270.19-0.26
MnHeat Analysis. . .0.60 min0.90-1.200.70-0.900.80-1.350.40-1.200.60-1.000.90-1.20
Product Analysis. . .. . .0.86-1.240.67-0.930.76-1.390.36-1.240.56-1.040.86-1.24
PHeat Analysis0.048 max0.048 max0.035 max0.06-0.1250.035 max0.035 max0.035 max0.035 max
Product Analysis  0.040 max0.06-1.250.040 max0.040 max0.040 max0.040 max
BHeat Analysis..…………………
Product Analysis..…………………
SHeat Analysis0.058 max0.058 max0.040 max0.040 max0.040 max0.040 max0.040 max0.040 max
Product Analysis..…0.045 max0.045 max0.045 max0.045 max0.045 max0.045 max
SiHeat Analysis..…0.15-0.350.30-0.500.15-0.350.25-0.500.15-0.350.15-0.35
Product Analysis..…0.13-0.370.25-0.550.13-0.370.20-0.550.13-0.370.13-0.37
CuHeat Analysis..…0.25-0.450.20-0.400.20-0.500.30-0.500.30-0.600.20-0.40
Product Analysis..…0.22-0.480.17-0.430.17-0.530.27-0.530.27-0.630.17-0.43
NiHeat Analysis..…0.25-0.450.50-0.800.25-0.500.50-0.800.30-0.600.20-0.40
Product Analysis..…0.22-0.480.47-0.830.22-0.530.47-0.830.27-0.630.17-0.43
CrHeat Analysis..…0.45-0.650.50-0.750.30-0.500.50-1.000.60-0.900.45-0.65
Product Analysis..…0.42-0.680.47-0.830.27-0.530.45-1.050.55-0.950.42-0.68
VHeat Analysis..…BB0.020 minBBB
Product Analysis..…BB0.010 minBBB
MoHeat Analysis..…B0.06 maxB0.10 maxBB
Product Analysis..…B0.07 maxB0.11 maxBB
TiHeat Analysis..…BBB0.05 maxBB
Product Analysis..…BBB0.06 maxBB
  • (A) A, B, C, D, E, and F are classes of material used for Type 3 bolts. Selection of a class shall be at the option of the bolt manufacturer.
  • (B) These elements are not specified or required.

Mechanical Requirements

ASTM A394 Hardness Requrments

 TypesMinMax
ASTM A394 Type 0-Rockwell B80100
ASTM A394 Types 1 and 3-Rockwell C2534

ASTM A394 Tensile Strength

Nominal Size, in.Minimum Tensile Load, lbf
Type 0BTypes 1 and 3C
1/210 50017 050
5/816 70027 100
3/424 70040 100
7/834 20055 450
144 85072 700
  • (A) Based on 74 000 psi unit tensile strength.
  • (B) Based on 120 000 psi unit tensile strength.

ASTM A394 Shear Strength

Nominal Size, in.Minimum Load, lbf
Type 0Types 1 and 3
Single Shear Strength Through Threads, lbfASingle Shear Strength Through Body, lbfBSingle Shear Strength Through Threads, lbfCSingle Shear Strength Through Body, lbfD
1/26 9509 0009 35014 600
5/811 15014 10015 05022 850
3/416 65020 25022 45032 850
7/823 15027 60031 15044 750
130 40036 05041 00058 450
  • (A) Based on 55 200 psi unit shear strength across the area at root of threads.
  • (B) Based on 45 880 psi unit shear strength across the nominal area.
  • (C) Based on 74 400 psi unit shear strength across the area at root of threads.
  • (D) Based on 74 400 psi unit shear strength across the nominal area.

ASTM A394 Dimensions Length of Full Body for Bolts A

Length of Bolt, L, in.Bolt Diameter, in.
1/25/83/47/81
13/321/16………
11/45/321/161/16……
11/213/321/41/83/16…
13/421/321/23/81/43/16
2 and longer in 1/4-in. incrementsL minus 13/32L minus 11/4L minus 13/8L minus 11/2L minus 15/8
  • (A) Full body length is the distance from the underside of the head to the first scratch of thread for bolts with machine-cut threads or to top of the extrusion angle for bolts with rolled threads with a tolerance of ±1/32 in. for sizes 1/2 in. through 3/4 in., inclusive, and ±1/16 in. for size 7/8 in. and 1 in.

ASTM A394 Coating Tolerances

Nominal Bolt Diameter, in.Oversize Limit, in.A
Hot-Dip Zinc
1/20.018
5/8 , 3/40.020
7/80.022
10.024
  • (A) Hot-dip zinc-coated nuts are tapped oversize after coating.

Coating Specifications

A153/A153M Specification for Hot Dip Galvanising (Zinc Coating) on Iron and Steel Hardware
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
B696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically Deposited
B766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cadmium
F1941/F1941M Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch and Metric
F2329/F2329M Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners

Renowned Brands

Bolting Components Marking

Product Shall be Marked with our manufacturing trade mark Adfast along with the designated Grade.
Grade and manufacturer’s identification symbols shall be applied to one end of studs and to the heads of bolts and screws of all sizes. (If the available area is inadequate, the grade symbol may be marked on one end and the manufacturer’s identification symbol marked on the other end.) For bolts and screws smaller than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in diameter and studs smaller than 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] in diameter and for 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in diameter studs requiring more than a total of three symbols, the marking shall be a matter of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

GradeMarking
ASTM A394 Type 0 0
ASTM A394 Type 1  1
ASTM A394 Type 3 3

Dimensional Standards

B18.2.1 Imperial Square and Hex Bolts and Screws

Certification

  • EN 10204 3.1
  • EN 10204 3.2
  • PED 2014/68/EC
  • MERKBLATT AD 2000 W2/W7/W10
  • API 20 E BSL 1/ BSL 2
  • NACE MR 0175
  • NACE MR 0103

Testing Standards

F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection

Threading Specifications

ASME B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)
ASME B1.3 Screw Thread Gaging System for Dimensional Acceptability – Inch Screw Threads (IN, UNR, and UNJ)
ASME B1.13M Metric Screw Threads- M Profile
ASME B1.21M Metric Screw Threads – MJ Profile
ASME B1.2 Gauges & gauging for Unified Screw Threads(Imperial)