Plain Washers, also known as Flat Washers, are basic circular discs with a central hole designed to accommodate bolts or screws. These washers serve as the most commonly used type in fastening systems, offering a smooth, flat surface that distributes load evenly and enhances the grip and stability of the bolted connection.

They are available in both metric and imperial sizes, with options for standard or heavy-duty thickness depending on the application’s strength requirements. Flat washers are typically manufactured by die-punching from metal sheets, strips, or plates, followed by edge finishing to remove burrs. In certain cases, they may also be machined from solid bar stock for higher precision or specific material needs.