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This document specifies mechanical and physical properties of flat washers, designed to be used in bolted joints in combination with bolts, screws, studs and nuts with a specified property class in accordance with ISO 898‑1 and ISO 898‑2.
| Property class | Material and process | Chemical composition limits (cast analysis, %)a,b,c | Chemical composition limits (cast analysis, %)a,b,c | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Material | Process | C | C | P | S | Bd | °C | |
| 100HV | Steel | Hot/cold rolled | Material selection shall be at the manufacturer’s discretion, provided that the requirements of Table 3 are fulfilled. | NA | ||||
| 200HVe | Steel | Hot/cold rolled or quenched and tempered | Material selection shall be at the manufacturer’s discretion, provided that the requirements of Table 3 are fulfilled. | NA | ||||
| 300HVf | Carbon steel,g | Quenched and tempered | 0,17 | 0,80 | 0,035 | 0,035 | 0,003 | 425 |
| Alloy steel,h | 0,14 | 1,30 | 0,035 | 0,035 | 0,003 | 425 | ||
| 380HVf,i | Carbon steel,g | Quenched and tempered | 0,40 | 0,80 | 0,035 | 0,035 | 0,003 | 425 |
| Alloy steel,h | 0,20 | 1,30 | 0,035 | 0,035 | 0,003 | 380 | ||
Note:
Key
NA = not applicable.
a. In case of dispute, the product analysis applies.
b. For captive washers, see ISO 10644 or ISO 10673. Chemical composition and minimum tempering temperature shall be
agreed between the purchaser and the supplier at the time of the order.
c. For special applications (e.g. washers to be hot dip galvanized), chemical composition and minimum tempering
temperature shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier at the time of the order.
d. Boron content shall be 0,003 % maximum, but it may be up to 0,005 % provided that non-effective boron is controlled
by the addition of titanium and/or aluminium.
e. Property class 200HV washers can be manufactured using raw material having the right mechanical property or by
quenching and tempering washers after manufacturing. Process choice is at manufacturer’s discretion provided that the
requirements of Table 3 are fulfilled.
f. There shall be a sufficient hardenability to ensure a structure consisting of approximately 90 % martensite in the core
section in the “as-hardened” condition before tempering.
g. Carbon steel can contain additives, e.g. chromium, manganese, nickel, etc.
h. Alloy steel shall contain at least one of the following elements in the minimum quantity given: chromium 0,30 %,
manganese 0,20 %, nickel 0,30 %, vanadium 0,10 %, molybdenum 0,08 % and boron 0,000 8 %. Where elements are
specified in combinations, the limit value to be applied for steel class determination is 70 % of the sum of the individual
minimum values specified above for the elements concerned.
i. For hydrogen embrittlement consideration, see future ISO/TR 20491.
| Property class | lOOHV | ZOOH V | 300HV | 380H\f3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vickers hardness, HV | min. | 100 | 200 | 300 | 380 |
| max. | 200b | 300 | 370 | 450 | |
| Rockwell hardness, HRC | min. | – | – | 30 | 39 |
| max. | – | – | 39 | 45 | |
| Partial decarburization, HV 0,3 | max. | – | – | c | 30d |
| Depth of the complete decarburization, G | max. | – | – | c | 2 % of teff or 0,02 mme |
| Carburization, HV 0,3 | max. | – | – | c | 30f |
| Reduction of hardness after retem‑ pering, HV 10 | max. | – | – | 20 | 20 |
Note:
a. Property class 380HV is currently not included in existing ISO product standards; if required, the use of this property
class shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.
b. Exceeding the maximum hardness up to 250 HV shall not be cause of rejection.
c. For knurled or ribbed washers, the limits specified for property class 380HV shall apply.
d. Hardness at 0,1 mm from the bearing surface shall not be more than 30 Vickers units below the measured hardness
on a transverse radial section through the washer in accordance with 8.2.3.
e. The lowest value applies.
f. Hardness at 0,1 mm from the bearing surface shall not be more than 30 Vickers units above the measured hardness
on a transverse radial section through the washer in accordance with 8.3.